The Long and Interesting History of Hatteras NC
Friday, August 29th, 2008
Hatteras NC on the Outer Banks has a long and interesting history. Not much is known about the Native Americans who thrived here before the Europeans, came, but here are the highlights of what has happen there since:
Historians believe Amerigo Vespucci, the man both continents in the Western Hemisphere were named after, anchored in the waters off of Hatteras on his first landfall in 1497. Over the next century, French and Spanish explorers and British settlers followed and in 1663, an English colony was officially established in Carolina. The first plantation on the Outer Banks, which grew cattle and corn, was set up in 1664 by Sir John Colleton and became its first permanent English settlement.
In the early 1700’s, this isolated area became a pirate stronghold and was home to Blackbeard and his crew until he was captured and beheaded by the British in 1718.
Whaling, fishing and cattle and sheep ranching drove the area’s economy throughout the 18th century and small towns sprang up along the barrier islands. During the Revolutionary War, British warships anchored off of Nags Head and raided the villages, so the islanders formed a militia and successfully protected themselves until the war ended. North Carolina then became one of the 13 original United States.
More than 500 vessels have wrecked in the hazardous currents off Hatteras’ shores. In effort to help ships avoid these perilous coastal waters, known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic, construction of the lighthouse at Cape Hatteras began in 1794.
The quiet dunes of Hatteras became embroiled in the Civil War in 1861, when the Confederates built forts to guard the inlet. Less than a month later, they fell to Union forces, but the retreating rebels took the lighthouse’s lens with them, effectively shutting down the strategic beacon.
Near the end of the 19th century, vacationing sportsmen and tourists began coming to the island to hunt and fish, but coastal life was generally quiet until the second World War, when more than 100 ships were lost of to German submarines. The area was dubbed Topedo Junction.
In 1953, the area stretching north from Ocracoke Island to Nags Head was designated as the first National Seashore in the United States. Today, Cape Hatteras National Seashore is one of our most visited National Park areas, drawing nearly 7 million visitors year.
To learn more about Hatteras, visit the Outer Banks History Center or read the Insider’s Guide to North Carolina’s Outer Banks.
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